History 1000 Essays - Political Philosophy, Politics, Communism

History 1000 The Impact of Communism Communism is a social, political and economic ideology were the goal is to establish a communist society where which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. There are many branches of communism, one of them is Marxism. The society branches from the economic system, capitalism and the two major social classes. The two social classes are the working class who must work to survive and make up the majority of the society and the capitalist class who prosper from profit through their own businesses. The social and economic conflict between the two classes will start the change in the economic system and the society. The Origins of communism are debatable but Karl Marx would be considered one of the primitive communist. For Marx he saw after humanity went from substantial farming to having extra food, private property developed. Marx predicted that socialism and communism would be built upon capitalist development. At one time there were small communist communities in medieval Christian churches, some communities shared their land and property. Communist thoughts were traced back to the 16 th century writer Thomas More. He created the Treaties of Utopia, in which he talked about society based on common ownership and the ruler would give it out through reason. Criticism of the idea of private property continued into the age of enlightenment of the 18 th century through thinkers like Jean Jacques Rousseau in France. Then after the French revolution begins and communism emerged as a political doctrine. Marx stated that Russia might have been able to skip the stage of the Bourgeois rule. Some socialists believed that a Russian revolution could be the beginning of workers revolution in the west. Bolsheviks successful rise to power was based upon slogans like "peace, bread and land". This made the public's desire for Russia to end involvement in the war, the peasants demanded for their land. During the Russian civil war the Bolsheviks nationalized all the productive property and made a policy named war communism, this put factories and railroads under strict government control, collected the extra food and introduced managements of industries. After three years of constant war and the Kronstadt rebellion, Lenin declared a new economic policy which was to give a "limited place for a limited time to capitalism." Joseph Stalin got leadership of the party and started the Five Year Plan. The great purge was Stalin's attempt to get rid of anyone who opposed the communist party. After the Russian civil war the Bolsheviks formed the Soviet Union from the Rus sian empire. The Second World War saw the emergence of the Soviet Union as a superpower with influences of Europe and Asia. The Japanese and European empires were shattered and the communist parties were the main role in the independence movements. Marxist and Leninist government shaped the Soviet Union and took power with many other nations. Communism was constantly spreading throughout many nation including Bulgaria, East Germany, Poland, Hungary and Romania. Albania also became a Marxist Leninist state after World War 2. In 1950 the Chinese Marxist-Leninist was starting to take over China. In both Korean and Vietnam War the communists fought against the United States. The communist attempted to unite with both nationalist and socialist to fight against western imperialism in the poor countries. Communism was seen as a threat to western capitalism in the 20 th century. This continued throughout the cold war with the two main superpowers being the United States and the Soviet Union. They both started to expand their military capacity, nuclear weapons and compete in space exploration. In India communists lead the government of three state, and Nepal holds the majority of the parliament. The communist party in Brazil is a part of the parliamentary coalition led by the democratic socialist and it is represented by the executive cabinet of Dilma Rousseff. The people's Republic of China stopped the Maoist legacy along with Laos, Vietnam and to a lesser degree Cuba, has reduced state control of the economy in order to start a growth. Chinese economic reform begun in 1978 under the ruler Deng Xiaoping then china has